Mexican lawmakers passed several judicial reforms in September 2024, setting the stage for the countryโs first-ever direct vote to elect judges at all levels.
Mexicans will vote on June 1 in the countryโs first-ever judicial election. The outcome will determine the composition of the countryโs court system, from the lowest level magistrate courts up to the Supreme Court.
In all, the country is set to remake its judiciary branch in two rounds of voting.
According to Mexicoโs National Electoral Institute, more than 4,000 candidates will compete on Sunday for approximately 900 seats at all levels of Mexicoโs federal judicial court system, including all nine positions on Mexicoโs Supreme Court.
Thousands more candidates will compete for 1,800 local judicial seats across 19 of Mexicoโs 31 states.
Mexico will hold a second round of elections in 2027 to cover the rest of the countryโs judicial seats in the remaining 12 states and in the federal district of Mexico City.
Until last fall, Mexico had relied on an appointment system, whereby the countryโs federal judicial council filled vacancies based on criteria that considered merit and experience.
The countryโs first-ever attempt at a fully democratic vote to decide its judiciary system has met with both excitement and consternation.
In August 2024, then-U.S. Ambassador to Mexico Ken Salazar issued a statement cautioning Mexicoโs congress over the types of reforms they were considering.
โI believe popular direct election of judges is a major risk to the functioning of Mexicoโs democracy,โ Salazar wrote.
Former Mexican President Andrรฉs Manuel Lรณpez Obrador, who frequently clashed with Mexican judges, has been a proponent of the changes.
In September 2024, Mexicoโs congress approved a series of reforms. In addition to moving to a popular vote for selecting judges, the reforms reduced the number of Supreme Court seats from 11 to nine, halved the necessary work experience to five years, and did away with a requirement for judge candidates to be at least 35 years old.
Obradorโs party, the left-wing populist Morena Party, championed these reforms. President Claudia Sheinbaum, who is Lรณpez Obradorโs successor and a fellow Morena Party member, has also cheered the proposed changes to the judicial system.
โThis Sunday, June 1st, women and men will go out to elect a better judiciary. Participating is the best way to continue the transformation of our beloved homeland. Letโs all vote,โ Sheinbaum said in a May 30 post on social media platform X.
Critics of the reforms have warned the changes will politicize the judiciary, with judges refraining from challenging the edicts of the countryโs ruling party.
Byย Ryan Morgan